VPTAC Sample Paper for Pharmacy competitive examination, MCQ (With Explanation )-1

Q 1. If Carr’s index of a powder is 12-16 % then the type of powder flow is

a) Poor       b) Excellent                  c) very poor                  d) good

Ans 1. D

Q 2. The term "impalpable" refers to a substance that is

(A) Bad tasting   (B) not perceptible to the touch    (C) greasy (D) none

Ans 2. B Impalpable (impossible to touch). Not able to be perceived by the senses (especially by touch); intangible or insubstantial.

Q 3. Creaming is a …………….. Process

(A) Irreversible   (B) reversible      (C) Difficult     (D) Both a &c

Ans 3. B  Creaming is a reversible process, and although Stokes' s law is inadequate for predicting the creaming of concentrated emulsions, it predicts that creaming can be reduced by the following factors:

1. Reduction of dispersed phase globule size

2. Decrease in density difference between the two phases

3. Increase in viscosity of continuous phase

Q 4. vitamin- D function by which receptor

(A)GPCR                                       (B) enzyme linked

(C) intrinsic ion channel                (D) nuclear receptor

Ans 4. D The vitamin D receptor, VDR is the mediator of all genomic actions of vitamin D3 and its analogs. It belongs to a family of ligand induced transcription factors, nuclear receptors (NRs). Vitamin D3 is the main regulator of calcium homeostasis and is critical in bone formation. It is also involved in controlling cellular growth, differentiation and apoptosis, which makes synthetic vitamin D3 analogues interesting for therapy of such diseases as cancer and psoriasis.

Vitamin D plays a major role in bone mineral homeostasis by promoting the transport of calcium and phosphate to ensure that the blood levels of these ions are sufficient for the normal mineralization of type I collagen matrix in the skeleton. In contrast to classic vitamin D-deficiency rickets, a number of vitamin D-resistant rachitic syndromes are caused by acquired and hereditary defects in the metabolic activation of the vitamin to its hormonal form, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25(OH)2D3), or in the subsequent functions of the hormone in target cells. The actions of 1,25(OH)2D3 are mediated by the nuclear vitamin D receptor (VDR), a phosphoprotein which binds the hormone with-high affinity and regulates the expression of genes via zinc finger-mediated DNA binding and protein-protein interactions.

Q 5. Galactosemia is because of the lack of

a) Acid phosphates                                            b) Lactate dehydrogenase

c) Galactose-1-phosphate-uridyl transferase             d) Amylase

Ans 5. C Galactosemia is a rare genetic metabolic disorder that affects an individual's ability to metabolize the sugar galactose properly. Galactosemia follows an autosomal recessive mode of inheritance that confers a deficiency in an enzyme responsible for adequate galactose degradation.  Lactose in food (such as dairy products) is broken down by the enzyme lactase into glucose and galactose. In individuals with galactosemia, the enzymes needed for further metabolism of galactose are severely diminished or missing entirely, leading to toxic levels of galactose 1-phosphate in various tissues as in the case of classic galactosemia, resulting in hepatomegaly (an enlarged liver), cirrhosis, renal failure, cataracts, brain damage, and ovarian failure. Without treatment, mortality in infants with galactosemia is about 75%.

Galactosemia is inherited in an autosomal recessive manner, meaning a child must inherit one defective gene from each parent to show the disease. Heterozygotes are carriers, because they inherit one normal gene and one defective gene. Carriers show no symptoms of galactosemia.

Q 6. The value of stretching frequency of a bond can be calculated by

(A)Hooke’s law  (B) stroke’s low  (C) lambert beer’s law (D) none

Ans 6. A  The stretching frequency of a bond can be approximated by Hooke’s Law. In this approximation, two atoms and the connecting bond are treated as a simple harmonic oscillator composed of 2 masses (atoms) joined by a spring.

Q 7. Keller Kiliani test is used for the identification of

a) Digitalis          b) Picrotoxin      c) Quinine                    d) Morphine

Ans 7. A Keller Kiliani test for Disitoxose:

1gm powdered digitalis + 10 ml 0f 70 % alcohol → boil for 2-3 min →filter 5 ml of filtrate, add 10 ml of lead acetate.

↓ Shake and filter

Shake the filtrate with 5 ml of CHCl₃

↓

Remove the solvent by gentle evaporation in porcelain dish

↓

Cooled residue and add 3ml of CH₃COOH containing two drops of 5% FeCl₃ and 2 ml of conc. H₂SO₄  

↓

A reddish brown layer acquiring bluish-green colour after standing is observed due to the presence of digitoxose.

Q 8. Which drug is used in myocardial infarction?

a) Morphine        b) Pethidine     c) Acetyl Salicylic acid    d) Ibuprofen

Ans 8. C Myocardial infarction or acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is the medical term for an event commonly known as a heart attack. It happens when blood stops flowing properly to part of the heart and the heart muscle is injured due to not receiving enough oxygen. Usually this is because one of the coronary arteries that supplies blood to the heart develops a blockage due to an unstable buildup of white blood cells, cholesterol and fat.

Acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) is used in the treatment of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) but is also a risk factor for peptic ulcer disease (PUD) bleeding.

 Antiplatelet drug therapy such as aspirin and/or clopidogrel should be continued to reduce the risk of plaque rupture and recurrent MI. Aspirin is first-line, owing to its low cost and comparable efficacy, with clopidogrel reserved for patients intolerant of aspirin. The combination of clopidogrel and aspirin may further reduce risk of cardiovascular events, but the risk of hemorrhage is increased.

Q 9. Irregular clusters of spherical cells, resemble bunch of grapes and non motile are the characteristics of genus

a) Streptococcus   b) Bacillus   c) Staphylococcus  d) Nesseria

Ans 9. C Staphylococcus  is a genus of Gram-positive bacteria. Under the microscope, they appear round (cocci), and form in grape-like clusters. 

Q 10. The dengue fever virus is

a) arbo virus       b) echo virus    c) entero virus    d) orthomyxo virus

Ans 10. A Dengue fever also known as breakbone fever, is an infectious tropical disease caused by the dengue virus. Symptoms include fever, headache, muscle and joint pains, and a characteristic skin rash that is similar to measles. In a small proportion of cases the disease develops into the life-threatening dengue hemorrhagic fever, resulting in bleeding, low levels of blood platelets and blood plasma leakage, or into dengue shock syndrome, where dangerously low blood pressure occurs.

Dengue is transmitted by several species of mosquito within the genus Aedes, principally A. aegypti.

Dengue fever virus (DENV) is an RNA virus of the family Flaviviridae; genus Flavivirus. Other members of the same genus include yellow fever virus, West Nile virus, St. Louis encephalitis virus, Japanese encephalitis virus, tick-borne encephalitis virus, Kyasanur forest disease virus, and Omsk hemorrhagic fever virus. Most are transmitted by arthropods (mosquitoes or ticks), and are therefore also referred to as arboviruses (arthropod-borne viruses).

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