VPTAC Sample Paper for Pharmacy competitive examination, MCQ (With Explanation )-2

Q.1  HODGKIN'S DISEASE - is a type of

a) anemia             b) constriction        c) cancer         d) blood clotting .

Q.2  MACULA LUTEA - is in

a) ankle           b) brain                       c) eyes             d) neck .

Q.3  MASTIGOPHORAN - is a/an

a) antibody        b) pain-killer               c) enzyme         d) pathogen .

Q.4 PRURITUS - is a type of

 a) anemia        b)constriction                c) pain              d) itch .

 

Q.5 SCLEROSIS - refers to ___ of tissues. 

a)hardening and thickening        b) softening        c) dilating and thinning                  d) clotting .

Q.6  SEROLOGISTS - mainly study 

a) blood               b) phlegm                     c) enzymes               d) urine .

Q.7  THIAZIDES - are 

a) anti-coagulants              b) pain killers               c) diuretics               d) steroids .

Q.8 THIAZIDES - block the reabsorption of

___ in the kidneys.

a) iron              b) calcium                      c) potassium                   d) sodium .

Q.9 TORPOR - is a person's body and mental ___. 

a) activity                 b) inactivity                    c) growth               d) augmentation .

Q.10 TRISKAIDEKAPHOBIA - is fear of

 a) number 13                b) lightning and thunder              c) open spaces            d) closed spaces .

Answer 1. c   2. c   3.d (Protozoa)  4.d    5.a  6.a 7.c  8.d  9.b 10.a

Ans.1 C,  Hodgkin disease is a type of lymphoma. Lymphoma is a cancer of a part of the immune system called the lymph system. The first sign of Hodgkin disease is often an enlarged lymph node. The disease can spread to nearby lymph nodes. Later it may spread to the lungs, liver, or bone marrow. The exact cause is unknown.
Hodgkin disease is rare. Symptoms include

• Painless swelling of the lymph nodes in the neck, armpits, or groin
• Fever and chills
• Night sweats
• Weight loss
• Loss of appetite
• Itchy skin

To diagnose Hodgkin disease, doctors use a physical exam and history, blood tests, and a biopsy. Treatment depends on how far the disease has spread. It often includes radiation therapy or chemotherapy.
The earlier the disease is diagnosed, the more effective the treatment. In most cases, Hodgkin disease can be cured.

Ans.2 C, The macula or macula lutea  is an oval-shaped highly pigmented yellow spot near the center of the retina of the human eye. It has a diameter of around 6 mm  and is often histologically defined as having two or more layers of ganglion cells. Near its center is the fovea, a small pit that contains the largest concentration of cone cells in the eye and is responsible for central, high resolution vision. The macula also contains the parafovea and perifovea.

Function:-

Structures in the macula are specialized for high acuity vision. Within the macula are the fovea and foveola which contain a high density of cones (photoreceptors with high acuity).

Ans.3 D (Protozoa) , Any of various protozoans of the class Mastigophora, all of which possess one or more flagella. Usually nonphotosynthetic free-living protozoan with whiplike appendages; some pathogens of humans and other animals.

Ans.4 D, Pruritus simply means itching. It can be associated with a number of disorders, including dry skin, skin disease, pregnancy, and rarely, cancer.

Ans.5 A, In medicine, sclerosis (also spelled sclerosus in the names of a few disorders; from Greek σκληρός "hard") refers to the stiffening of a structure, usually caused by a replacement of the normal organ-specific tissue with connective tissue.

Types include:

• Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, sometimes known as motor neuron disease or Lou Gehrig's disease, a progressive, incurable, usually fatal disease of motor neurons.
• Atherosclerosis, a deposit of fatty materials, such as cholesterol, in the arteries which causes hardening.
• Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis is a disease that attacks the kidney's filtering system (glomeruli) causing serious scarring and thus a cause of nephrotic syndrome in children and adolescents, as well as an important cause of kidney failure in adults.
• Hippocampal sclerosis, a brain damage often seen in individuals with temporal lobe epilepsy.
• Lichen sclerosus, a disease that hardens the connective tissues of the vagina of women and the penis of men. An autoimmune disorder.
• Liver sclerosis is a common misspelling of cirrhosis of the liver.
• Multiple sclerosis, or focal sclerosis, is a central nervous system disease which affects coordination.
• Osteosclerosis, a condition where the bone density is significantly increased.
• Otosclerosis, a disease of the ears.
• Systemic sclerosis (progressive systemic scleroderma), a rare, chronic disease which affects the skin, and in some cases also blood vessels and internal organs.
• Tuberous sclerosis, a rare genetic disease which affects multiple systems.
• Primary sclerosing cholangitis, a hardening of the bile duct by scarring and repeated inflammation.
• Primary lateral sclerosis, progressive muscle weakness in the voluntary muscles.

Ans.6 A, A list of serologists, medical specialists in serology, the study of blood serum and identification of antibodies.

Ans.7 C, Thiazide is a type of molecule and a class of diuretics often used to treat hypertension (high blood pressure) and edema (such as that caused by heart, liver, or kidney disease).
The thiazides and thiazide-like diuretics reduce the risk of death, stroke, heart attack and heart failure due to hypertension. In most countries, the thiazides are the cheapest antihypertensive drugs available.

Ans.8 D, The commonly used diuretics all work to block Na⁺ reabsorption at different sites along the nephron, as illustrated in the figure. Loop diuretics block the Na⁺/K⁺/2Cl^- cotransporter that is present in the loop of Henle. Examples are furosemide and bumetanide.

The thiazide diuretics are drugs that block Na⁺ reabsorption in the distal tubule by blocking the Na⁺/Cl^- cotransporter. These drugs are the diuretics that are most commonly prescribed to treat hypertension.

Amiloride blocks the epithelial Na⁺ channel (ENaC) that is present in the cortical collecting duct. Recall that Na⁺ reabsorption in this segment of the nephron is regulated by the hormone aldosterone. Thus, aldosterone receptor antagonists such as spironolactone and eplerenone also work as diuretics. Amiloride and the aldosterone receptor antagonists are considered potassium-sparing diuretics.

Ans.9 B, Torpor is a state of decreased physiological activity in an animal, usually by a reduced body temperature and metabolic rate. Torpor enables animals to survive periods of reduced food availability. A torpor bout can refer to the period of time a hibernator spends at low body temperature, lasting days to weeks, or it can refer to a period of low body temperature and metabolism lasting less than 24 hours, as in "daily torpor".

Ans.10 A, Triskaidekaphobia (from Greek tris meaning "3", kai meaning "and", deka meaning "10" and phobos meaning "fear" or "morbid fear") is fear of the number 13 and avoidance to use it; it is a superstition and related to a specific fear of Friday the 13th, called paraskevidekatriaphobia (from Παρασκευή Paraskevi, Greek for Friday) or friggatriskaidekaphobia (after Frigg, the Norse goddess Friday is named after in English).

The term was first used by Isador Coriat in Abnormal Psychology