001.
Pharmacokinetics is:
a)
The study of biological and therapeutic effects of drugs
b)
The study of absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion of drugs
c)
The study of mechanisms of drug action d)
The study of methods of new drug development
002.
What does “pharmacokinetics” include?
a)
Complications of drug therapy b) Drug biotransformation in the organism
c)
Influence of drugs on metabolism processes d) Influence of drugs on genes
002.
What does “pharmacokinetics” include?
a)
Pharmacological effects of drugs b)
Unwanted effects of drugs
c)
Chemical structure of a medicinal agent d) Distribution of drugs in the organism
003.
What does “pharmacokinetics” include?
a)
Localization of drug action b)
Mechanisms of drug action
c)
Excretion of substances d) Interaction of
substances
004.
The main mechanism of most drugs absorption in GI tract is:
a)
Active transport (carrier-mediated diffusion) b)
Filtration (aqueous diffusion)
c)
Endocytosis and exocytosis d)
Passive diffusion (lipid diffusion)
005.
What kind of substances can’t permeate
membranes by passive diffusion?
a)
Lipid-soluble b)
Non-ionized substances
c)
Hydrophobic substances d)
Hydrophilic substances
006.
A hydrophilic medicinal agent has the following property:
a)
Low ability to penetrate through the cell membrane lipids
b)
Penetrate through membranes by means of endocytosis
c)
Easy permeation through the blood-brain barrier d) High reabsorption in renal tubules
007.
What is implied by active transport ?
a)
Transport of drugs trough a membrane by means of diffusion
b)
Transport without energy consumption
c)
Engulf of drug by a cell membrane with a new vesicle formation
d)
Transport against concentration gradient
008.
What does the term “bioavailability” mean?
a)
Plasma protein binding degree of substance
b) Permeability through the brain-blood barrier
c)
Fraction of an uncharged drug reaching the systemic circulation following any
route
administration d) Amount of a substance in urine
relative to the initial doze
009.
The reasons determing bioavailability are:
a)
Rheological parameters of blood
b)
Amount of a substance obtained orally and quantity of intakes
c)
Extent of absorption and hepatic first-pass effect d) Glomerular filtration rate
010.
Pick out the appropriate alimentary route of administration when passage of
drugs through liver is minimized:
a)
Oral b)
Transdermal c)
Rectal d)
Intraduodenal
011.
Which route of drug administration is most likely to lead to the first-pass
effect?
a)
Sublingual b) Oral c)
Intravenous d) Intramuscular
012.
What is characteristic of the oral route?
a)
Fast onset of effect b) Absorption depends on GI tract
secretion and motor function
c)
A drug reaches the blood passing the liver d) The sterilization of medicinal
forms is obligatory
013.
Tick the feature of the sublingual route:
a)
Pretty fast absorption b) A drug is exposed to gastric
secretion
c)
A drug is exposed more prominent liver metabolism
d)
A drug can be administrated in a variety of doses
014.
Pick out the parenteral route of medicinal agent administration:
a)
Rectal b) Oral c) Sublingual d) Inhalation
015.
Parenteral administration:
a)
Cannot be used with unconsciousness patients
b)
Generally results in a less accurate dosage than oral administration
c)
Usually produces a more rapid response than oral administration
d)
Is too slow for emergency use
016.
What is characteristic of the intramuscular route of drug administration?
a)
Only water solutions can be injected b) Oily solutions can be injected
c)
Opportunity of hypertonic solution injections
d)
The action develops slower, than at oral administration
017.
Intravenous injections are more suitable for oily solutions: a) True b)
False
018.
Correct statements listing characteristics of a particular route of drug
administration include all of the following EXCEPT:
a)
Intravenous administration provides a rapid response
b)
Intramuscular administration requires a sterile technique
c)
Inhalation provides slow access to the general circulation
d)
Subcutaneous administration may cause local irritation
019.
Most of drugs are distributed homogeneously. a)
True b) False
020.
Biological barriers include all except:
a)
Renal tubules b) Cell
membranes c) Capillary walls d) Placenta
021.
What is the reason of complicated penetration of some drugs through brain-blood
barrier?
a)
High lipid solubility of a drug b) Meningitis
c)
Absence of pores in the brain capillary endothelium
d)
High endocytosis degree in a brain capillary
022.
The volume of distribution (Vd) relates:
a)
Single to a daily dose of an administrated drug b) An administrated dose to a body weight
c)
An uncharged drug reaching the systemic circulation
d)
The amount of a drug in the body to the concentration of a drug in plasma
023.
For the calculation of the volume of distribution (Vd) one must take into
account:
a)
Concentration of a substance in plasma b)
Concentration of substance in urine
c)
Therapeutical width of drug action d)
A daily dose of drug
024.
A small amount of the volume of distribution is common for lipophylic
substances easy penetrating through barriers and widely distributing in plasma,
interstitial and cell fluids:
a) True b)
False
025.
The term “biotransformation” includes the following:
a)
Accumulation of substances in a fat tissue b) Binding of substances with plasma
proteins
c)
Accumulation of substances in a tissue
d)
Process of physicochemical and biochemical alteration of a drug in the body
026.
Biotransformation of the drugs is to render them:
a)
Less ionized b)
More pharmacologically active
c) More lipid soluble d) Less lipid soluble
027.
Tick the drug type for which microsomal oxidation is the most prominent:
a)
Lipid soluble b) Water soluble c) Low molecular weight d) High molecular weight
028.
Pick out the right statement:
a)
Microsomal oxidation always results in inactivation of a compound
b)
Microsomal oxidation results in a decrease of compound toxicity
c)
Microsomal oxidation results in an increase of ionization and water solubility
of a drug
d)
Microsomal oxidation results in an increase of lipid solubility of a drug thus
its excretion from the organism is facilitated
029.
Stimulation of liver microsomal enzymes can:
a)
Require the dose increase of some drugs b)
Require the dose decrease of some drugs
c)
Prolong the duration of the action of a drug d)
Intensify the unwanted reaction of a drug
030.
Metabolic transformation (phase 1) is:
a)
Acetylation and methylation of substances
b)
Transformation of substances due to oxidation, reduction or hydrolysis
c)
Glucuronide formation d)
Binding to plasma proteins
031.
Biotransformation of a medicinal substance results in:
a)
Faster urinary excretion b)
Slower urinary excretion
c)
Easier distribution in organism d)
Higher binding to membranes
032.
Conjugation is:
a)
Process of drug reduction by special enzymes b) Process of drug oxidation by
special oxidases
c)
Coupling of a drug with an endogenous substrate d) Solubilization in lipids
033.
Which of the following processes proceeds in the second phase of
biotransformation?
a)
Acetylation b)
Reduction c) Oxidation d) Hydrolysis
034.
Conjugation of a drug includes the following EXCEPT:
a)
Glucoronidation b)
Sulfate formation c) Hydrolysis d) Methylation
035.
Metabolic transformation and conjugation usually results in an increase of a
substance biological activity: a) True b) False
036.
In case of liver disorders accompanied by a decline in microsomal enzyme
activity the duration of action of some drugs is:
a)
Decreased b) Enlarged c) Remained unchanged d) Changed insignificantly
037.
Half life (t 1\2) is the time required to:
a)
Change the amount of a drug in plasma by half during elimination
b)
Metabolize a half of an introduced drug into the active metabolite
c)
Absorb a half of an introduced drug d)
Bind a half of an introduced drug to plasma proteins
038.
Half life (t 1\2) doesn’t depend on:
a)
Biotransformation b)
Time of drug absorption
c)
Concentration of a drug in plasma d)
Rate of drug elimination
039.
Elimination is expressed as follows:
a)
Rate of renal tubular reabsorption
b)
Clearance speed of some volume of blood from substance
c)
Time required to decrease the amount of drug in plasma by one-half
d)
Clearance of an organism from a xenobiotic
040.
Elimination rate constant (Kelim) is defined by the following parameter:
a)
Rate of absorption b)
Maximal concentration of a substance in plasma
c)
Highest single dose d) Half life (t 1\2)
041.
The most rapid eliminated drugs are those with high glomerular filtration rate
and actively secreted but aren’t passively reabsorbed:
a) True b) False
042.
Systemic clearance (CLs) is related with:
a)
Only the concentration of substances in plasma b)
Only the elimination rate constant
c)
Volume of distribution, half life and elimination rate constant d)
Bioavailability and half life
1.b
|
2-i.b 2-ii.d
|
3.c
|
4.d
|
5.d
|
6.a
|
7.d
|
8.c
|
9.c
|
10.c
|
11.b
|
12.b
|
13.a
|
14.d
|
15.c
|
16.b
|
17.b
|
18.c
|
19.b
|
20.a
|
21.c
|
22.d
|
23.a
|
24.b
|
25.d
|
26.d
|
27.a
|
28.c
|
29.a
|
30.b
|
31.a
|
32.c
|
33.a
|
34.c
|
35.b
|
36.b
|
37.a
|
38.b
|
39.d
|
40.d
|
41.a
|
42.c
|
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