Notes for Pharmacy competitive examination-4 (Antidotes)

Antidotes for some drugs:

1.Acetaminophen---NAC (N-acetyl-L-cysteine) dosage

2.Alcohols (ethylene glycol, methanol) ----IV ethanol, fomepizol (potent inhibitor of

ADH)

3.Heparin---- protamine

4.Warfarin ---- vitamin k

5.Antidepressants

a. TCA’s---- benzodiazepines, phenytoin, physiostigmine

b. SSRI’s-----cycloheptadine

6.Benzodiazepines---- flumazenil

7.Beta antagonists----- glucagon and epinephrine

8.Calcium antagonists-----calcium, glucagon, insuline & dextrose combination

9.Cocaine---- BZD’s for seizuries; labetalol for hypertension; Neuroleptics for psychosis.

10.Cyanide----amyl nitrite; sodium nitrite; sodium thio sulphate

11.Digoxin----- digibind

12.Electrolytes

a.Magnesium------10%CaCl2 temp to antagonize cardiac effects of Mg

b.Potassium-------10%CaCl2 10%; NaHCO3(causes intracellular shift of pot);

glucose & Insulin (intracellular shift of pot.)

sodium polystyrene sulfonate (cationic exchange resin)

13.Iron------ deferoxamine (chelate iron)

14.Isoniazid-----pyridoxine (reverses INH induced seizures)

15.Lead-------- Ca Disodium EDTA ; BAL (dimercaprol)

16.Lithium------no effective treatment

17.Opiates-----naloxone; nalmefene

18.Organophosphates-------atro

pine; pralidoxamine

19.Salicylates------activated charcoal

20.Theophylline-----charcoal; beta antagonists